An Unsatisfying Teaching

It’s Friday morning, a sunny but still bitterly cold morning. From my desk, I look out on the panorama of the houses and streets that, from North Main Street, climb College Hill to its apex crowned by the impressive verdigris dome of the Christian Science Church. I always think this an odd choice of architecture for a Christian Science church, yet like a great classical cathedral its dome dominates the horizon.

On this particular Friday morning, I am struggling to clear my head of the fog of the head cold – currently doing the rounds – that has laid me low since the previous Sunday. I’m daydreaming—casting around for inspiration to take me into a spiritual riff on the lectionary texts for the 7th Sunday after the Epiphany. This Friday morning feeling is familiar – the tension between despair at the task lying before me and a curiosity that stimulates my imagination sooner or later will provide the hook for my fresh engagement with the texts for the day.

Genesis 45 and Luke 6 address the tension between the golden rule of do unto others as you would have them do unto you and the law of retaliation do unto others as they have done unto you. A distinction lies in the inclusion or absence of four words that, insignificant in themselves, have the power to determine the course towards the promise of liberation from or the endless repetition of cycles of victimization and retaliation in individual and wider social relations.  

From general observation, we can often see themes connecting the OT and the Gospel texts, which alert us to the particularity of God’s timely invitation. Between OT story and Gospel teaching, we find old themes reemphasized and given new impetus.

The experience of victimization – whether real or imagined – fosters the illusion that retaliation will provide satisfaction for past injury. This is the theme that the story of Joseph and his brothers and the teaching of Jesus in Luke’s Sermon on the Plain is timely – speaking into the dilemmas of our current time.

Joseph becomes an exemplar of the power of love – interpreted as the desire for reconciliation – to triumph over the impulse for retaliation. Joseph has every reason to hate his brothers for what they did to him. His brothers have every reason to fear his desire for revenge. Yet, having moved beyond his experience of being the victim allows Joseph to choose reconciliation over retaliation – thus breaking out of the repetitive cycle of victimization and retaliation.

Yet the story of Joseph and his brothers is nevertheless an ironic tale. At the heart of this story lies the irony that it is harder to be forgiven than punished for wrongdoing. The brothers are astonished and relieved having escaped Joseph’s retaliation. But this is not enough to free them from their expectation of retaliation – if not now, then later. Although they are seemingly forgiven, they are still left with the memory of having only narrowly avoided murdering their brother by selling him into slavery and deceiving their father with the lie of Joseph’s death in the claws and teeth of a lion. Until the end of the story, they remain in the grip of their expectation that revenge is the only response open to the victim. Proof that being the recipient of mercy -is, as Proverbs 25 says- akin to having hot coals poured over the head.

Jesus asks us to love our enemies and do good to those who hate us. He encourages us to turn the other cheek and to be self-sacrificial in our generosity – even at the risk of personal cost. He asks these things of us not because it’s the nice Christian thing to do – not to score some secret oneupmanship victory. Jesus is not exhorting us to the practice of a pious masochism that sentimentalizes turn the other cheek as the ultimate expression of passivity. He is showing us that this is the only way to step out of the cycle of victimization and retaliatory violence.

James Breech, in The Silence of Jesus, writes:

Jesus says, ‘…do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you.’ And watch what happens. This is a recipe for destroying the little bundle of lies about myself and my society that came into existence the moment my tribe and I found somebody to hate. Following this injunction is not just a nice thing to do. It’s a matter of destroying the whole system of mystification which has been the womb in which [we’ve] lived and moved and had [our] social existence.

Love your enemies is the recipe for destroying the whole system of mystification – by which is meant the hatred of the other that forms the womb in which, to quote St Augustine, we live and move and have our being – that is, the culture of victimhood and retribution that permeates our social existence.

These days, many of us witnessing a severe attack on the Constitutional balance of power and the seemingly unstoppable descent into transactional authoritarianism with alarm and distress are asking the question, what does resistance look like? The unpalatable answer – unpalatable because it feels so unsatisfactory and so ineffectual- is Christian resistance. It means resistance shaped by Jesus’ teaching to love your enemies as the only way of breaking the cycle of victimization and retaliation – by which hatred of the other forms the womb in which we live and move and have our being.

Jesus calls us to follow him – to live lives well lived as the response to living under the weight of a coercive regime. Jesus calls us to embrace the power of exemplary actions undertaken by ordinary people – as opposed to fantasizing grand schemes of formal political action. He calls us to the resistance of the heart – the refusal to be coopted by feelings of powerlessness into responses of passivity and compliance. Likewise, he calls us to turn away from the path of countering violence with violence. In addition to legitimate steps of political and legal protest, Jesus calls us to love our enemies as a reminder that –there are no small acts of resistance; any act by anyone has the potential of reverberating – of being absorbed and replicated, leading to meaningful change (Delia Popescu writing about Vaclav Havel the great Czech dissident and later President of a post-Communist Czechoslovakia).

Translated into our current political context, Jesus calls us to love our enemies as the primary form of effective resistance, requiring us to undergo a transformation of the human heart. This alone breaks the cycle of victimization and retaliation – the cycle of repetitive violence that has captured our social consciousness. In effect, when we cease seeing ourselves as victims, we not only take back our power but also break the grip that the desire for retaliation holds in our hearts.

At the deepest level, Jesus is asking us to give up being afraid – to give up seeing ourselves as helpless victims and, in the words of the late John O’Donohue, to have the courage today to live the life that we would love and to waste our hearts on fear no more (John O’Donohue, Morning Offering).

Blessings & Curses

In an age when calls to make Christendom great again are growing deafening we need the courage to risk new kinds of thinking—about ourselves, our roots, our communities, and our obligations; about God’s relationship with us and our relationships with each other. This is a kind of risky thinking – so writes Mac Loftin in his review of a new translation of Simone Weil’s The Need for Roots in the recent edition of The Christian Century. In 1942, General de Gaulle tasked Weil to write a report on how France could be rebuilt after liberation from German occupation. Weil jettisons the idea of universal human rights in favor of universal human obligations – because recognizing another’s rights does not necessarily change how we treat them.  

Taking my English Cocker Spaniel, Mable Rose out at the crack of dawn – living on Exchange St downtown I sometimes witness the trickle of seemingly unhoused persons trudging from the direction of Kennedy Plaza towards the railway station. I’m saddened by the sight of obvious misery. I think – someone should do something!—before going back inside the warmth and security of my building. Weil’s treatise shifts the perspective from an infringement of the universal human rights of the unhoused to my obligation toward them. Every time I lament their plight before moving on, I fail an absolute and unshirkable obligation.

The Beatitudes – are one of Jesus’ most loved, yet also one of the most misunderstood and argued-over of his teachings. The Beatitudes are in Matthew part of Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount. But in Luke, they are delivered as Jesus’ Sermon on the Plain. This difference in location has a greater significance than a mere question of topography. Playing on Simone Weil’s distinction between rights and obligations is it possible to frame the difference between Matthew’s and Luke’s versions of this story as one akin to the difference between a statement of potential rights and a demonstration of present-time obligations?

In Matt. 5:1 we find Jesus retreating from the huge crowds who had flocked to hear him. Climbing a hillside he leads his disciples to a quiet place, where he begins to teach them. In seclusion on the mountaintop Jesus begins Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled. Jesus is weaving a beautiful vision of rights and ultimate rewards.

In Luke 6:17: we find Jesus – not retreating up a mountain but coming down from one to stand in the middle of a plain. He stands in the middle of a huge crowd who have come from all over Judea and Jerusalem, even from the seaside towns of Tyre and Sidon seeking to be cured of their ailments. It must have been pandemonium -everyone trying to touch Jesus – healing energy surging from him with every bodily contact. Amid the throng pressing in on him Jesus proclaims Blessed are you who are poor now, for yours is the kingdom of God. Blessed are you who are hungry now, for you will be filled. Instead of a vision of rights and ultimate rewards, Jesus is asking for present-time action within a set of mutual obligations.

Matthew’s Jesus uses the third person form of address to communicate an impersonal objective generality—blessed are they—whereas Luke’s Jesus communicates with the directness of the second person form. He’s not speaking in general; he is talking specifically to you and me.

In Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount, we see Jesus emerging as the new improved Moses, delivering his new model Torah from the mountaintop only to those who constitute the new and improved community of Israel. Whereas Luke’s depiction of this scene in the Sermon on the Plain, shows Jesus emerging as a cosmopolitan healer with a message proclaimed not in the serenity of the mountaintop to a chosen few but to anyone who cares to listen amidst the chaos and din of the world.

Matthew pictures Jesus talking to the in-crowd, his band of trusty disciples – the selected ones who are privy to the secrets of the kingdom of heaven. Luke’s picture is of Jesus talking to anyone who will listen- an approach that assumes that none of us can be included in the kingdom while any one of us remains outside. The message of the kingdom is far from being a secret – it’s laid bare before the public gaze. Luke’s Jesus, having broken out of the straitjacket of Jewish expectation comes down from the lofty isolation of the mountaintop to mix it up with all in sundry. Luke’s Jesus is shockingly intimate with the desperate and seething throng of humanity serging around him. Luke’s Jesus is more than promising a right to be healed – he is acting upon his obligation to heal them. For Luke, the Beatitudes’ are more than rights to an inheritance in heaven. They are obligations to be fulfilled through present-time action.

Not for the first time do we have to straddle the tensions between Matthew’s and Luke’s presentation of Jesus. We must balance Matthew’s emphasis on an inheritance of future fulfillment of kingdom promises through perseverance and courageous faithfulness in the face of present-time suffering with Luke’s emphasis on the kingdom – not as a future inheritance but as a lived reality in the here and now.

Present-time reality is messy. There are forces and conspiracies of power that oppose the values and frustrate the expectations of the Kingdom. Therefore, living the Kingdom in the here and now involves not only promises of future blessings but also naming and calling out the sources of opposition – cursings alongside blessings. Luke’s Jesus shouts out a stinging rebuke to those who through the self-protective interests of wealth and power oppose the implementation of the Kingdom’s values and expectations in the here and now. Jesus is an uncomfortable preacher who blesses those the world curses and curses those the world blesses.

Sunday’s Coming Premium is The Christian Century’s paid-subscription email newsletter—which week-by-week draws from the Century’s archives articles related to the week’s lectionary texts. I’ve already noted Mac Loftin’s review of Simone Weil’s The Need for Roots appearing in this past week’s edition.

In this past week’s Sunday’s Coming Premium newsletter, the editor cites the writer Christopher Morse who in Not Every Spirit demonstrates how the early Christians were persecuted not for what they believed (Jesus Christ is Lord) but for what they refused to believe (Caesar is Lord). Ralph Wood is also cited for pointing out that in the Barmen Declaration of the Confessing Church in Germany, every credimus, “We believe . . .,” is followed by a damnatis, “We reject . .” When it came time for the rest of the German church to say “Nein!” it had lost the theological means to know there was even something about the world worth rejecting, as well as lost the courage to say “No!” Taken out of historical context, this is a powerful message that should resonate within contemporary American Christianity – lest we too lose the theological means to know there is something about the world that needs rejecting and grasp the courage to echo Jesus’ judgment – woe to you who count yourself powerful in this world and brazenly set yourself against the implementation of the values and expectations of the Kingdom’s coming!

Luke’s is a theological message that carries a powerful political punch – confronting every aspect of a status quo where environmental, economic, and social injustice continues to be denied and where the self-satisfied pride of the rich and the powerful is celebrated; where living the Kingdom’s expectation for greater social and racial inclusion as a present imperative for the Christian life is dismissed as mere wokeness. The Beatitudes – whether seen as universal human rights or present-time obligations- demand a response which if heard, should make us decidedly squirmy.

It’s not Defeat, but Failure We Should Fear

Image: Call of Isaiah, Marc Chagal

Then I said, "How long O Lord?" And he said: " Until cities lie waste without inhabitant, and houses without people, and the land utterly desolate; vast will be the emptiness in the midst of the land."

Normally, my alarm is set for 5 am – which at this time of the year seems an indecently early time to awaken – greeted by the cold and dark of a winter’s morning. Even if my 5 am alarm does not go off, Mable Rose, my 2-year-old English Cocker Spaniel has her own mysterious time clock which she signals to me by moving from the foot of the bed where she’s slept peacefully through the night to sitting as close to my face as she can get with tail wagging. The intensity of her quiet staring penetrates my attempt to fake sleep by keeping my eyes closed. She knows. I know she knows. What’s even more uncanny is that she knows that I know she knows I’m faking it.

Yet, in these past few weeks, it seems that a 5 am alarm is no longer necessary. For some weeks now, my equivalent to Mable Rose’s internal alarm clock seems stuck at 3 am when suddenly wide awake I begin another cycle of rumination on the all-consuming state of the nation and the world. Even conscious efforts and evasive actions to filter out the deluge of noise masquerading as news – fail to keep troubling thoughts and painful feelings at bay. A sense of profound unease so pervades our cultural spaces that by osmosis it seeps into neurocircuits and body cells alike.  

In the modern world of the all-consuming 24/7 news cycle, the prophetic words from T.S. Eliot’s Choruses from The Rock sound.

The Eagle soars in the summit of Heaven.

The Hunter with his dogs pursues his circuit ........

The endless cycle of idea and action,

Endless invention, endless experiment,

Brings knowledge of motion, but not of stillness;

Knowledge of speech, but not of silence;

Knowledge of words, and ignorance of the Word.

Today, Eliot’s soaring eagle becomes a reference to the 24-hour surveillance culture, and the hunter with his dogs a reference to the draconian actions of immigration and customs agents – hunting down frightened immigrants.

The worry awakening me at 3 am – which then cycles endlessly until at day’s end sleep once again offers a brief few hours of respite – is deeply personal. New worries challenge the illusion of overlap between assumed shared societal values and my Christian-shaped conscience. Yet, my worry is also born of empathy for those to whom I am both a priest and pastor. This is the worry I see etched on the faces of some who fear the withdrawal of funding will affect their own livelihood. I see it on the faces of aging parents consumed with worry for their adult children who have chosen careers in government agencies from USAID to the forestry service, not to mention the intelligence and federal law enforcement agencies.

Government is so much more complex than running a tech company or social media platform. So much of it remains invisible to the naked eye until – that is – services taken for granted cease to function. Increasingly this reality will come as an unexpected surprise to those who have little idea of the extent to which their lives are impacted by the immanent disappearance of government services, structures, and protections.  

On Friday I attended a Dorcas International – one of Rhode Island’s three refugee resettlement agencies – webinar update on the chaos affecting RI refugee resettlement agencies struggling to make sense of how to keep operating following the immediate cancelation by executive fiat of across-the-board funding for the legal resettlement of refugee programs. As a Dorcas long-term community partner, for St Martin’s this dire situation is of particular concern to us.       

My reference to Eliot is so much more than the predilection for the poetic mind. It’s an attempt to find words strong enough to frame a description of current reality. Eliot’s words frame the current dilemma consuming us. He notes that:

All our knowledge brings us nearer to our ignorance,

All our ignorance brings us nearer to death,

But nearness to death no nearer to God.

Eliot asks:

Where is the Life we have lost in living?

Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?

Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?

He concludes:

The cycles of Heaven in twenty centuries

Bring us farther from God and nearer to the Dust.

In the OT lesson on the fifth Sunday after Epiphany we hear of the call of the prophet Isaiah – the first of three to be known by this name. We are ushered into his powerful mystical encounter with the radiant glory of the divine presence in the form of a robe filling the whole temple and shaking the very foundations. The divine presence is surrounded by the six-winged seraphim – not pudgy cheeky cherubs – but fierce and frightening angelic beings deafening this man of unclean lips living among a people of unclean lips with their repetitive chorus of Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord of heaven and earth.

It is significant that Isaiah accurately dates his mystical encounter with the divine presence in the year that King Uzziah died. Uzziah, also known as Azariah, reigned in Judah from approximately 792 to 740 BCE. Ascending the throne at a young age, around 16, following the death of his father, King Amaziah his reign is noted for both his military successes and his ambitious building projects, contributing to a period of prosperity for Judah.

However, his reign was not without challenges when eventually his pride led him to overstep his boundaries. He attempted to burn incense in the Temple, a duty reserved exclusively for the priests. When confronted by the high priest and other priests, he became enraged. Struck with leprosy as a consequence of his actions, Uzziah was forced to live in isolation, with his son Jotham managing the kingdom’s affairs for the remainder of his life.

It’s curious that the call of Isaiah comes at a pivotal moment in Judah’s political history. Uzziah is remembered for both his accomplishments and his tragic downfall, and he serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers for any ruler who allows pride to overstep legitimate authority. Let those who have ears to hear- listen!

Isaiah is given a mandate to speak God’s truth to power, and God’s rebuke to a people’s collective folly. But God it seems has no illusions about the likelihood of Isaiah’s success in speaking to a people who in listening do not comprehend, who in looking do not understand – whose minds are clouded, whose ears are stopped, and whose eyes are shut, who fail to recognize the urgency of the moment facing them.

Isaiah asks how long O Lord? In an allusion to future exile, the Lord tells him that things must run their course until cities lie waste without inhabitants, houses without people, and the land utterly desolate – vast will be the emptiness in the midst of the land. Yet like the stump of a burned tree, the seeds of new growth will survive.

Jesse Zink – in Faithful, Creative, Hopeful: Fifteen Theses for Christians in a Crisis-Shaped World – the text chosen for our Lent 2025 Tuesday evening book study, draws out a crucial yet misunderstood distinction between defeat and failure, which we do well to remember in these days. In these days, as the bearers in our time and place of God’s timeless message to the world – the forces that rule our society by the laws of self-interest will always conspire to defeat the message of truth. But as the Lord counsels Isaiah it’s not defeat he should fear but failure.

Eliot reminds us:

The world turns and the world changes,

But one thing does not change.

In all of my years, one thing does not change.

However you disguise it, this thing does not change:

The perpetual struggle of Good and Evil.

There is a price to be paid for singing “Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God Almighty” in the face of an oppressive force that thinks otherwise. Amidst challenges, anxieties, failures, disappointments, discouragement, and loss, our awareness of the sovereignty of God’s transformative expectations for the coming of the kingdom empowers us to face defeat at the hands of the conspiracy of power ranged against us. However, defeat is not the same as failure. We speak out and risk defeat yet even in the face of defeat we remain undaunted for the fire-ravaged stump of the tree still contains the seeds of future fruitfulness. No, it’s failure we should fear. Failure lies simply in the refusal of God’s call for us to speak truth to power and folly to the foolish!

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